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2019 Key Stage 1 Mathematics Paper 1: Arithmetic
💡 How to use this page
- Try it yourself: Read the question and have a go on paper first.
- Show Solution: Click the green button to see the step-by-step working.
- Understand “Why”: We explain the reasoning, not just the math.
📚 Questions
- Question 1 (Subtraction)
- Question 2 (Addition)
- Question 3 (Subtraction)
- Question 4 (Multiplication)
- Question 5 (Subtraction)
- Question 6 (Addition)
- Question 7 (Multiplication)
- Question 8 (Addition)
- Question 9 (Addition)
- Question 10 (Missing Number)
- Question 11 (Addition)
- Question 12 (Addition)
- Question 13 (Division)
- Question 14 (Subtraction)
- Question 15 (Subtraction)
- Question 16 (Subtraction)
- Question 17 (Division)
- Question 18 (Addition)
- Question 19 (Missing Number)
- Question 20 (Fractions)
- Question 21 (Fractions)
- Question 22 (Missing Number)
- Question 23 (Fractions)
- Question 24 (Subtraction)
- Question 25 (Subtraction)
Question 1 (1 mark)
\( 9 – 3 = \square \)
Worked Solution
Step 1: Understanding the Question
What do we need to do?
We need to subtract (take away) 3 from 9.
Step 2: Counting Back
How we solve it:
Start at 9 and count back 3 steps.
9… 8, 7, 6.
Final Answer:
6
Question 2 (1 mark)
\( 5 + 10 + 5 = \square \)
Worked Solution
Step 1: Making it Easier
Strategy:
We can add numbers in any order. Let’s look for friendly numbers.
We can see two 5s. We know that \( 5 + 5 = 10 \).
Step 2: Adding the Rest
How we solve it:
Now we have the 10 we made, plus the 10 from the question.
\( 10 + 10 = 20 \)
5 + 5 = 10
10 + 10 = 20
Final Answer:
20
Question 3 (1 mark)
\( 18 – 6 = \square \)
Worked Solution
Step 1: Using Place Value
Strategy:
We can focus on the ones digits first. We have 8 ones and we take away 6 ones.
8 – 6 = 2
Step 2: Putting it Back Together
How we solve it:
Don’t forget the 10 we had at the start.
10 and 2 makes 12.
Final Answer:
12
Question 4 (1 mark)
\( 10 \times 10 = \square \)
Worked Solution
Step 1: Counting in Tens
Strategy:
We can count in tens ten times.
10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100.
Step 2: Using Multiplication Patterns
Tip:
When we multiply by 10, the digits move one place to the left and a zero is added as a placeholder.
10 groups of 10 is 100.
Final Answer:
100
Question 5 (1 mark)
\( 80 – 10 = \square \)
Worked Solution
Step 1: Counting Back in Tens
Strategy:
We are starting at 80 and counting back one 10.
Step 2: Checking the Tens
How we solve it:
8 tens take away 1 ten is 7 tens.
7 tens is 70.
Final Answer:
70
Question 6 (1 mark)
\( 5 + 32 = \square \)
Worked Solution
Step 1: Swapping the Order
Strategy:
It is easier to start with the bigger number. Let’s start with 32 and add 5.
\( 32 + 5 \)
Step 2: Counting On
How we solve it:
Start at 32 and count on 5: 33, 34, 35, 36, 37.
Or just add the ones: 2 + 5 = 7, so 30 + 7 = 37.
Final Answer:
37
Question 7 (1 mark)
\( 5 \times 6 = \square \)
Worked Solution
Step 1: Understanding Multiplication
What does this mean?
This means 5 groups of 6, OR 6 groups of 5.
Step 2: Counting in 5s
Strategy:
It is easier to count in 5s. Let’s count in 5s six times.
5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30.
Final Answer:
30
Question 8 (1 mark)
\( 98 + 4 = \square \)
Worked Solution
Step 1: Bridging to 100
Strategy:
98 is very close to 100. It needs 2 more to make 100.
We can take 2 from the 4 and give it to the 98.
98 + 2 = 100
Step 2: Adding the Rest
How we solve it:
We had 4, and we used 2. So we have 2 left.
100 + 2 = 102.
Final Answer:
102
Question 9 (1 mark)
\( 22 + 22 = \square \)
Worked Solution
Step 1: Adding the Ones
Strategy:
Start with the ones column (the right side).
2 ones + 2 ones = 4 ones.
Step 2: Adding the Tens
Strategy:
Now add the tens column.
2 tens + 2 tens = 4 tens (which is 40).
+ 22
44
Final Answer:
44
Question 10 (1 mark)
\( \square + 8 = 12 \)
Worked Solution
Step 1: Using Inverse Operations
Strategy:
The question asks: “What number plus 8 makes 12?”
We can turn this into a subtraction: \( 12 – 8 = \square \).
Step 2: Solving
How we solve it:
Count up from 8 to 12.
9, 10, 11, 12.
That is 4 counts.
Final Answer:
4
Question 11 (1 mark)
\( 68 + 20 = \square \)
Worked Solution
Step 1: Adding Tens
Strategy:
We are adding 2 tens (20) to 6 tens (60). The ones digit (8) stays the same because we are adding 0 ones.
Step 2: Calculation
How we solve it:
6 tens + 2 tens = 8 tens.
So 68 becomes 78, 88.
+ 20
88
Final Answer:
88
Question 12 (1 mark)
\( 7 + 84 = \square \)
Worked Solution
Step 1: Swapping for Easier Adding
Strategy:
Start with the bigger number: 84.
We need to add 7.
Step 2: Making 10s
How we solve it:
84 needs 6 more to get to 90.
Split 7 into 6 and 1.
84 + 6 = 90.
90 + 1 = 91.
Final Answer:
91
Question 13 (1 mark)
\( 14 \div 2 = \square \)
Worked Solution
Step 1: Understanding Division
What does this mean?
\( \div 2 \) means sharing into 2 equal groups, or finding half.
Step 2: Halving 14
How we solve it:
What number do we add to itself to get 14?
We know \( 7 + 7 = 14 \).
So half of 14 is 7.
Final Answer:
7
Question 14 (1 mark)
\( 64 – 11 = \square \)
Worked Solution
Step 1: Subtracting Ones
Strategy:
Start with the ones.
4 ones – 1 one = 3 ones.
Step 2: Subtracting Tens
Strategy:
Now subtract the tens.
6 tens – 1 ten = 5 tens.
– 11
53
Final Answer:
53
Question 15 (1 mark)
\( 39 – 20 = \square \)
Worked Solution
Step 1: Subtracting Tens
Strategy:
We are taking away 2 tens (20).
The ones digit (9) will stay the same because we take away 0 ones.
Step 2: Calculation
How we solve it:
3 tens take away 2 tens is 1 ten.
So 39 becomes 29, 19.
Final Answer:
19
Question 16 (1 mark)
\( 54 – 8 = \square \)
Worked Solution
Step 1: Crossing 10
Strategy:
54 only has 4 ones, so we can’t take away 8 ones easily.
Let’s take away the 4 first to get to 50.
Step 2: Taking the Rest
How we solve it:
We needed to take away 8. We took away 4.
We have 4 more to take away from 50.
50 – 4 = 46.
Final Answer:
46
Question 17 (1 mark)
\( 40 \div 10 = \square \)
Worked Solution
Step 1: Understanding Division
What does this mean?
How many 10s fit into 40?
Step 2: Counting in 10s
How we solve it:
Count in 10s until we reach 40.
10, 20, 30, 40.
That is 4 tens.
Final Answer:
4
Question 18 (1 mark)
\( 23 + 37 = \square \)
Worked Solution
Step 1: Adding the Ones
Strategy:
3 ones + 7 ones = 10 ones.
10 ones is the same as 1 ten and 0 ones.
We write 0 in the ones place and carry the 1 ten.
Step 2: Adding the Tens
How we solve it:
2 tens + 3 tens = 5 tens.
Plus the 1 ten we carried = 6 tens.
+ 37
1
60
Final Answer:
60
Question 19 (1 mark)
\( \square = 19 – 5 \)
Worked Solution
Step 1: Reading the Question
Note:
The equals sign is at the front, but the question is the same.
We just need to work out \( 19 – 5 \).
Step 2: Subtracting Ones
How we solve it:
19 has 9 ones.
9 – 5 = 4.
So 19 – 5 = 14.
Final Answer:
14
Question 20 (1 mark)
\( \frac{1}{4} \text{ of } 8 = \square \)
Worked Solution
Step 1: Understanding Quarters
What does \( \frac{1}{4} \) mean?
It means splitting the number into 4 equal groups.
This is the same as \( 8 \div 4 \).
Step 2: Sharing
How we solve it:
If we share 8 counters into 4 piles, how many in each pile?
2, 4, 6, 8.
There are 2 in each pile.
Final Answer:
2
Question 21 (1 mark)
\( \frac{1}{2} \text{ of } 90 = \square \)
Worked Solution
Step 1: Understanding Half
Strategy:
\( \frac{1}{2} \) means splitting into 2 equal parts (halving).
It is easier to split 90 into 80 and 10 first.
Step 2: Halving the Parts
How we solve it:
Half of 80 is 40.
Half of 10 is 5.
Now add them together: \( 40 + 5 = 45 \).
Final Answer:
45
Question 22 (1 mark)
\( 100 – \square = 52 \)
Worked Solution
Step 1: Rearranging the Question
Strategy:
Asking “100 take away what equals 52” is the same as asking “100 take away 52 equals what”.
We calculate \( 100 – 52 \).
Step 2: Subtracting
How we solve it:
100 – 50 = 50.
Now take away the 2: 50 – 2 = 48.
Final Answer:
48
Question 23 (1 mark)
\( \frac{2}{4} \text{ of } 36 = \square \)
Worked Solution
Step 1: Simplifying the Fraction
Tip:
\( \frac{2}{4} \) is the same as \( \frac{1}{2} \) (half).
So we just need to find half of 36.
Step 2: Halving 36
How we solve it:
Split 36 into 30 and 6.
Half of 30 is 15.
Half of 6 is 3.
\( 15 + 3 = 18 \).
Final Answer:
18
Question 24 (1 mark)
\( 62 – 54 = \square \)
Worked Solution
Step 1: Finding the Difference
Strategy:
The numbers 62 and 54 are quite close together.
It is easier to count up from 54 to 62.
Step 2: Counting Up
How we solve it:
From 54 to 60 is 6.
From 60 to 62 is 2.
Total: \( 6 + 2 = 8 \).
Final Answer:
8
Question 25 (1 mark)
\( 73 – 19 = \square \)
Worked Solution
Step 1: Setting up Column Method
Strategy:
We start with the ones: 3 – 9.
We cannot do this, so we need to exchange a ten.
Step 2: Exchanging
How we solve it:
Take 1 ten from 70, leaving 60. Give it to the 3 to make 13.
13 – 9 = 4.
Now do the tens: 6 – 1 = 5.
– 1 9
5 4
Final Answer:
54